THE GARDEN AND THE JUNGLE

A French journalist bemoans the increasing drift toward authoritarianism and anomie.

Plenel, a one-time editor of the French daily Le Monde and longtime leftist activist, seizes on one of those binary tropes so beloved of French poststructuralists, contrasting the garden of civilization with the jungle of savagery. The thing is, these are found side by side in the West, as Plenel chronicles while interrogating “those imperial claims to superiority, domination, and power which have not ceased causing barbarism to appear in the heart of civilization.” Two frequently evoked cases in point are Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and Israel’s war on Gaza, abetted by numerous authoritarian regimes, not least of them Donald Trump’s, which break “with the ideal of a shared world, where human beings, just like the nature of which they are part, are in relationship, ineluctably interconnected, intermixed, and interdependent.” The modern West, Plenel makes plain, is founded on “criminal ideologies and destructive forces”; another case in point is the system of French colonialism, which, alone of the European powers, continues today in far-flung “neocolonial” places such as New Caledonia—one of many apartheid states, a category in which he also places Trump’s America—and Chad. Plenel is unsparing of his homeland, locating in it the “great replacement” theory beloved of the MAGA right in the U.S. Ironically, Plenel notes, the true law of the jungle is the anarchist theoretician Peter Kropotkin’s theory of mutual aid, where the survival of the fittest gives way to the survival of all who apply. The translation renders many names in their French forms (Kropotkine, Carl Schmitt, Atila), which is a touch distracting, but Plenel’s defense of the Enlightenment ideals of liberté, égalité, and fraternité comes through quite clearly.

A provocative essay on the need to defend the West against itself.